southern african countries

Botswana 5. Archaeological and historical inquiry has been extremely uneven in the countries of the Southern African subcontinent, with Namibia the least and South Africa the most intensely studied. These contacts diminished with the rise of Islam, and the east coast became part of the Indian Ocean trading network. South Africa. South Africa, formally the Republic of South Africa, is a republic in Africa, the southernmost part of the African continent. It is variably defined by geography or geopolitics. Whereas the art in the northern woodlands is stylized and schematic, that of the savanna and coastlands seems more naturalistic, showing scenes of hunting and fishing, of ritual and celebration; it vividly portrays the Late Stone Age cosmology and way of life. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. It is … Due to the Bantus, several ethnic groups such as the Zulu, Swazi, Northern Ndebele, the Shona people, Southern Ndebele, and other groups ended up speaking Bantu languages. The coastal towns of Southern Africa are Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, and South Africa. The domination of the Mutapa state extended into Mozambique. Yet the reasons for adaptation are equally unclear and the model equally controversial. Africans or South Africans and Bantu-speaking people form the major part of the population (approximately 35 million). New kingdoms and chiefdoms were formed and older ones disintegrated, the result of both internal and external agency, while new ethnic and cultural identities began to be forged in the hazardous new world resulting from Africa’s incorporation into the Atlantic economy. These countries are Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Seychelles, and Mauritius. The Black peoples of Southern Africa—the overwhelming majority of the region’s population—can be divided into speakers of two language families, Khoisan and Bantu. An overview of the landscape of Southern Africa. Similar pottery has been found stretching from northeastern Tanzania and coastal Kenya through southern Zimbabwe into eastern South Africa, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Eritrea. Cattle and milking appear somewhat later than small stock and were perhaps acquired from iron-using farmers in western Zimbabwe or northeastern South Africa. A number of factors such as poor leadership, high rates of population growth, low economic growth, poverty, political instability, an increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS, among other factors, affect food security in the region. The larger countries—South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, and Angola—all have extensive mineral deposits. Comoros – An Eastern Africa Country in the UN Scheme or system. While such countries produce less food than is required for sustaining the country, they are able to supplement their reserves through imports because of favorable political situations, economic growth, and competent leadership. Khoisan speakers, who have inhabited the region for millennia, have now been displaced in many areas by Bantu speakers. With the emergence of Homo sapiens, experimentation and regional diversification displaced the undifferentiated Acheulean tool kit, and a far more efficient small blade (also called microlithic) technology evolved. Malawi – An Eastern Africa Country in the UN Scheme or system. Part 1 of this series examined data on South-South migration and South-South remittances.. Swaziland. Is Jersey Part of the EU. Updates? Mapungubwe’s skeletal and cultural remains are, however, identical to those found at other Iron Age settlements in the subcontinent, and there is little reason to doubt the African origin and medieval date of both sites. Email:info@AdventureToAfrica.com. Initially, however, distinctions between early pastoralists, farmers, and hunter-gatherers were not overwhelming, and in many areas the various groups coexisted. Algeria. South Africa, which has favorable climatic and political conditions, is the top producer of food in the region. EU and Eastern and Southern Africa. An emerging area of concern in the region is urban food security. In the UN scheme, there are only five countries in the region namely Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland. Countries in Southern Africa are quite large in physical area, except three smaller landlocked states: Lesotho, Swaziland, and Malawi. Environmental issues in the region that have become (or have been) problematic include desertification and air pollution. In the Quirimbas Archipelago, which is a 250km stretch of coral islands, mangrove-covered Ibo Island has colonial-era … Here is a brief introduction to the 10 Southern African nations. Archaeologists are divided over whether all these cultural and economic attributes arrived with a single group of new immigrants speaking a new language or resulted from a more piecemeal development of different skills and the adoption of new techniques by indigenous hunter-gatherers, as has already been suggested in the case of herding among the Khoekhoe. Southern Africa, as the name suggests, is the southernmost part of Africa and includes a number of countries aside from the country of South Africa. The interior of Southern Africa consists of a series of undulating plateaus that cover most of South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana and extend into central Angola. Farther west, however, there are greater continuities with the earlier wares, while in southeastern Africa locally driven increases in population and cattle—which led to expansion into less favourable environments but which also brought new ideas and new methods of political control—may hold the key. Labour was allocated by gender, with men responsible for hunting game, women for snaring small animals, collecting plant foods, and undertaking domestic chores. In later rock paintings there is also the first hint of the advent of new groups of herders and farmers. In August 2009, four of those countries signed the agreement (Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Zimbabwe). These early farmers settled on arable soils along coastal dunes, rivers, and valley basins. Although many scholars attempt to deduce the nature of Late Stone Age societies by examining contemporary hunter-gatherer societies, this method is fraught with difficulties. This delineation views Southern Africa as the region of Africa that is situated to the south of the River Zambezi and Cunene. It also includes a small, sub-Atlantic archipelago of the Prince Edward Islands. Madagascar. The South African Government has also arranged with donor countries to engage directly with NGOs on relevant projects. The labour and reproductive power of women was transferred from father to husband through the circulation of cattle in the form of bridewealth. The history of Southern Africa cannot be written as a single narrative. Its successor in the southwest was Torwa, with its centre at Khami; in the north it was replaced by the Mutapa state. In South Africa, although restrictions have been eased, newspapers still retain a high degree of self-censorship." Cattle, gold, and copper came in trade or tribute from settlements hundreds of miles away. Area 2,314,764 square miles (5,995,215 square km). Southern Africa, as the name suggests, is the southernmost part of Africa and includes a number of countries aside from the country of South Africa. South Africa. The controversies in Southern African history begin with the discovery of a fossilized hominin skull in a limestone cave at Taung near the Harts River north of Kimberley in 1924, followed in 1936 by discoveries in similar caves in the Transvaal (now Limpopo and Gauteng provinces) and Northern Cape province, in South Africa. Southern Zimbabwe and much of South Africa are within a region of scrublands and grasslands known as the veld. Southern Rhodesia. The loosely organized herders expanded rapidly, driven by their need for fresh grazing areas. Nevertheless, the appearance of cave art, careful burials, and ostrich-eggshell beads for adornment suggests more sophisticated behaviour and new patterns of culture. Colorful Morocco is in the first place among the most popular travel spots in this part of the world, the second place belongs to South Africa, followed by Egypt and Tunisia. For compatibility, we use the ISO 3166 list of countries augmented by a few region names which are sometimes returned by MaxMind.. Sources []. African elephant in the Okavango grasslands, Botswana. Madagascar. More sophisticated techniques of ironworking, more extensive gold and copper mining, and a great increase in stone building suggest the evolution of more complex state structures, the growth of social inequalities, and the emergence of new religious and spiritual ideas. Malawi is a landlocked country, located in southern central Africa along the western part of the Great Rift Valley of Africa. Coverage of the region’s physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. The African continent is typically divided up into five regions namely Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, Central Africa, Western Africa, and Southern Africa. They cultivated sorghum, millet, and legumes and herded sheep, goats, and some cattle; made pottery and fashioned iron tools to turn the soil and cut their crops; and engaged in long-distance trade. Equatorial Guinea. Mozambique is a southern African nation whose long Indian Ocean coastline is dotted with popular beaches like Tofo, as well as offshore marine parks. Covering a total area of 118,484 km², it stretches some 900 km north to south, and between 90 and 161 km east to west. A recent study that was done in eleven cities in the region showed that only 17% of the households were deemed to be secure in matters relating to food security. The new culture at Khami developed both the stone building techniques and the pottery styles found at Great Zimbabwe and seeded a number of smaller sites over a wide region of the southern and western plateau. Benin, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso. Other resources include uranium, diamonds, iron, gold, and titanium. Swaziland. Cattle were also an ideal medium for exchange, and the increase in herding necessitated increased specialization and the extension of trading networks. South Africa has a population of approximately 55 million people comprising of diverse culture, religion, origin, and languages. Professor of the History of Southern Africa, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London; Director, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1983–93. Their homes, diet, and ostentatious burials are in stark contrast to those of the common folk, whose dwellings cluster at the foot of the sites where they probably laboured. Farther north the 14th-century site of Ingombe Ilede (near the Zambezi-Kafue confluence) probably also owed its prosperity in copper and gold—and its social stratification—to the rise of the east coast trade. The Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa. Located in south part of Africa, Southern Africa is composed of 5 countries. South Africa. The landlocked countries of Southern Africa include Using this free map quiz game, you can learn about Nigeria and 54 other African countries. Cattle underpinned both material and symbolic power in Southern Africa and served to cement social obligations through bridewealth and loan arrangements. Recent data shows that low-income households living in urban areas are having problems getting food. Another argument is for the inclusion of Angola in Central Africa. In terms of the environment, the region has several eco-regions that are full of diversity such as savannahs, grasslands, riparian zones, karoo, and bushveld. Coastal plains abut the Indian Ocean in Mozambique and the Atlantic in Angola and Namibia. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. Southern Africa, southernmost region of the African continent, comprising the countries of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Consequently, people eating these foods end up with problems such as malnutrition, obesity, and hypertension. Pop. Research into local history in the late 20th and early 21st century has presented fragmented historical knowledge, and older generalizations have given way to a complex polyphony of voices as new subfields of history—gender and sexuality, health, and the environment, to name but a few—have developed. Is Jersey Part of the UK? Along with pastoralism and pottery came other signs of change: domestic dogs, changes in stone tool kits, altered settlement patterns, larger ostrich-eggshell beads, and the appearance of marine shells in the interior, which suggests the existence of long-distance trade. Djibouti. From about the turn of the 1st millennium ce, in some areas of what are now central Zambia, southeastern Zimbabwe, Malawi, and eastern South Africa, changes in ceramic style were paralleled by a change in the location and nature of settlements. South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. By the time coastal peoples were first encountered by literate European observers in the 15th century, many were the recognizable forebears of Southern Africa’s contemporary population. For this reason the groups are often referred to as Khoisan, a compound word referring to Khoekhoe and San, as the Nama called hunter-gatherers without livestock (Bushmen, in the terminology of the colonists, is now considered pejorative). Large quantities of stone were brought to build walls on these hilltop sites, which suggests considerable labour. Despite the ever-increasing number of radiocarbon dates available for the many Late Stone Age sites excavated in Southern Africa, the reasons for changed consumption patterns and variations in technology are poorly understood. In most of these farming communities land was relatively plentiful, while labour was not, and control over people was therefore of the essence. While exact dating of cave paintings is problematic, paintings at the Apollo 11 Cave in southern Namibia appear to be some 26,000 to 28,000 years old. (2005 est.) This situation is laughable compared to countries that do not have favorable climatic conditions such as Namibia. Until the 1960s, population explosion and migration were the common explanations; subsequent explanations have stressed adaptation. Which Countries Are Part Of Central Africa? Homo erectus appears to have roamed the open savanna lands of eastern and Southern Africa, collecting fruits and berries—and perhaps roots—and either scavenging or hunting. In some areas the expansion inevitably led to conflict as the newcomers came up against settled communities; in others the indigenous inhabitants were gradually absorbed, while elsewhere sparsely inhabited, colder, and more arid mountain lands were colonized. A significant number and diversity of wildlife remains in these regions despite the considerable amount of human interference that these areas have experienced. South Africa. 1. In the second half of the 15th century Great Zimbabwe came to an abrupt end. Can you figure out which ones they are on this map quiz game? Phone: +1 703/665-1969. The nature of these transitions and the differences among the sites are still poorly understood, and, again, archaeologists disagree as to whether the changes can be explained by local developments or are best explained by the arrival of migrating populations. Chad, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic. They include: 1. Patrilineal and polygynous cattle-keeping farmers thus had immense advantages over communities that lacked these new forms of wealth and social organization. The region is rich in valuable minerals deposits. Where possible, they exploited marine resources, planted cereals, and worked iron; cattle and long-distance trade were insignificant. Along the South African border, there are complex and eye-catching plateaus that make up enormous mountain structures. The australopithecines who roamed the highland savanna plains of Southern Africa date from about three million to one million years ago. In addition, all the countries the colonials arrived in Africa today, to. Further changes were, however, neither simultaneous nor evenly spread graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2020! White rhinos, blue wildebeest, elephants, impalas, velvet monkeys, and Malawi scavenging. 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